1月3日GMAT语法机经.

　　小寒已过，窝在被子里的你看着外面的呼啸大风是否不禁打了个寒颤呢?澳际小编就在这寒冬中为大家吹来一股GMAT机经的暖风，为大家分享机经，希望大家能感受到这股暖意，并把它化为能量，在GMAT考试的道路上勇往直前。

　　1. SC第一道题好像是考倒装和平行，反正我没看出来，估计做错了。后面的SC基本上是平行，主谓一致，有一题是比较，平行和主谓一致结合的以及Doing开头和主谓一致结合考的挺多(by 巴吉寻梦2013 V30)

　　V2:平行、比较是有考到的，具体题目想不起来了哈不好意思~~(by yetti)

　　V3: 语法基本就是平行，修饰;有挺多不大确定的，按照自己平时的做题方法判断吧。(by as14 V38 )

　　Prep【倒装结构】大总结，迎合GMAT考点要求– by charlesxiepeng

　　一.完全倒装

　　1. 表语在句首要倒装

　　?介词短语/分词短语/形容词短语+系动词+主语(主语与前面的动词主谓一致)

　　1) 介词短语在句首

　　Among the people was a man named Brown. 在这些人中有一个叫布朗的人。

　　On the top of the hill stands an old temple. 这山顶上有一座庙。

　　2) 分词作表语

　　?过去分词(有时构成被动结构的过去分词)提前到句首，引起倒装

　　?构成进行时态的现在分词也可以提到前面来----张道真(正常语序看是进行时态)

　　Helping them raise their artistic level are various professorial organizations.

　　Visiting the Great Wall were 200 American college students.

　　Coinciding with the development of jazz in New Orleans in the 1920&aposs was one of the greatest periods in blues music. (tol原句)【coinciding with…显然不是动名词而是现在分词倒装】

　　?现在分词提前到句首引起倒装要和动名词作主语区别开来

　　?下面例句是动名词作主语：Teaching English is my job.

　　Visiting the Great wall is worthwhile.

　　3) 形容词短语放句首

　　Present at the meeting is our English teacher. (Present出席的，在场的)

　　Gone are the days when we had a good time at the mountain village. (Gone 离去的)

　　2. 为了保持句子平行或上下文的连接更紧密，也可以采用倒装.

　　They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.

　　?主语有过多修饰语亦可采用完全倒装

　　Noteworthy is the fact that he has talent for music.

　　二.部分倒装

　　1. 一些表示频率的副词(如many a time, often等)位于句首时 ,句子部分倒装.

　　Often did we go for walks together.

　　Many a time have I told him about it.

　　2. 用于“no sooner…than…, hardly…when…和not until等结构中”

　　No sooner had he arrived than someone called him.他一到就有人给他打电话

　　3. 用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句(把were, had, should放在主语前构成倒装)

　　Were I you ( = If I were you ), I would not accept his present.

　　Had you ( = If you had ) studied hard, you might have passed the exam this time.

　　4. 用于“形容词/名词/动词+as (though)”引导的让步状语从句，例如：

　　?形容词：Pretty as she is(=As pretty as she is=though she is pretty), she is not clever at all.

　　?动词：Try as he could, he might fail again.

　　?名词：Child as he was, he had to sell newspapers in the streets.

　　5. 否定副词(never, not…, seldom, hardly, neither, nor, scarcely, rarely, no longer, barely, little)

　　Barely did he have time to catch the bus.

　　Never have I been to Beijing.

　　6. So / Such 引导的倒装句

　　So kind is she that she deserves all my respect.(全倒装)

　　So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him.

　　7. Only在句首强调状语Only when the meeting is over can we know the decision.

　　Manhattan中关于【平行结构】

　　(一)平行结构的标志词

　　最重要的三个平行连接词：And, both and, or, either or; neither nor, not but, not only but also, rather than, from to 前后连接的A和B必须词性相同，结构一致，甚至“数”一致

　　(二)平行元素的引导词

　　1.有时候be, can, to…会被省略掉，

　　2.但是从句开头的“引导词(where/who/whose)不可以省略，即使引导词一样”;

　　Right: I want to retire to a place WHERE I can relax AND WHERE I pav low taxes.

　　3.同时引导词也可以不一样!

　　Right: There are many people WHO speak English BUT WHOSE parents do not.

　　4.但是“引导词”前面的词不可以省略!those who 连在一起不分家。中间不能插入both

　　Right: Ralph likes BOTH THOSE WHO are popular AND THOSE WHO are not.

　　此句中“those”不能省略，但是“popular”可以省略。

　　(三)AND：

　　1.通常逗号原则。

　　A and B A ,B，and C A,B,C,and D

　　2.特殊逗号原则

　　当连接两个元素是长de独立句子时候，会用A，and B

　　I really like candy apples, AND I eat them often.

　　3.分层并列——无论并列的元素有多少，同一个并列连词连接的必须结构相似，词性相同!可以在一个句子同时用不同的并列连词，或者单独的词和句子并列，表示不同的层次，但是重要的是语义要平行。

　　(四)一些常见的并列习语

　　(五)句子中的动词不一定都是平行关系，很有可能是动词的-ing或者-ed形势表示伴随。

　　(六)系动词两边的成分要并列：表达的是“主语是什么/主语在什么情况下”

　　系动词都有哪些见下表：

　　Wrong: The bouquet of flowers WAS a giving of love.

　　Right: The bouquet of flowers WAS a gift of love.

　　【Manhattan】比较

　　GMAT 中常见的比较

　　(一)常见的比较词汇

　　like vs as

　　1.Like 是一个介词，因此like后面只能跟名词(或者动名词作名次，如like swimming,skating is great exercise)， 代词或者名词短语。(不能跟从句/介词短语)

　　2.As 既可以跟介宾短语，又可以跟连词(后面可以跟句子)。

　　(1)表示列举的时候，只能用as,不能用like

　　(2)like+句子一定错!

　　(二)比较的两点重要规则

　　1.比较的对象具有同等逻辑意思。

　　Wrong: Frank&aposs build, LIKE his brother, is broad and muscular.

　　Right: Frank&aposs build, LIKE his brother&aposs, is broad and muscular.

　　Right: Frank&aposs build, LIKE that of his brother, is broad and muscular.

　　Right: Frank, LIKE his brother, has a broad and muscular build.

　　2.比较要从结构上保持平行

　　Wrong : I like to run through forests more than I enjoy walking through crowds.

　　Right: I like running through forests MORE THAN walking through crowds.

　　(三)比较重要考点

　　1.对主谓宾全的句型

　　(1) 主语比较： A do sth than B do.(AB为对等名词，加do 是为了显示这是一个可以发出动作的名词，因而确定是主语，进而确定是主语对比)

　　(2) 介宾比较 A do sth of C1 by D1 than of C2 by D2.(C1C2，D1D2对等名词)

　　注意一定要是介宾才能直接跟在than后面

　　The clothes inside the store looked more appealing than outside the racks.错,不是介宾比较

　　The clothes inside the store looked more appealing than did those outside the racks. 对

　　(3) 宾语比较 A do C1 than C2.(C1C2为对等名词)

　　(4) 状语比较A do sth than usual/ever bore/people expected(直接加状语)

　　2.一种句型只有主谓，没有宾语的句子，因为没有宾语，只可能有主语比较，因而

　　不需要重复do来确认这是一个可发出动作的主语，所以其比较形式如下：

　　I eat faster than you.注意与下句区别

　　I eat apple faster than you do

　　如果写成 I eat apple faster than you 按ETS的理解，从语法上就变成我吃苹果比吃你快，成了宾语比较。逻辑上显然不通。

　　3.AS 族的比较大同小异，as 可单独引导比较，也可以复合成as many as, as hard as 等

　　形式，但ETS宗旨不变，如

　　Sand road costs twice as many to build as to maintain(类似于介宾比较)

　　Sand road costs twice as many to build as stone road do(主语比较)

　　Sand road costs the government twice as many to build as the residents.(宾语比较)

　　4.特殊句型

　　AS poor as they are, they cannot afford a car.

　　They have 800 million students, as many as have enrolled in our school.

　　5.There be 句型等同于一般的主谓宾俱全的句型OG89

　　There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four times as many as there were four years

　　ago(主语比较)

　　There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four times as many as DVD player(宾语比较)

　　There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four times as many as for school teachers.(介宾比较)

　　There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four time as many as in china(介宾比较)

　　6.比较结构的省略

　　(1)所有格省略

　　前句有明确说明所有物是什么东西，后句的就可以省略，用所有格表示。

　　P.S. 所有格/所有物可以代表单数和复数，只有逻辑意思合理就行。

　　EG: My car is bigger than Brian&aposs [car}. My toes are longer than Brian&aposs [toes}.

　　(2)比较从句可以省略宾语、谓语甚至整个从句，只要逻辑意思合理。

　　EG: Whereas I drink 2 quarts of milk a day, my friend drinks 3 [quarts}.

　　I walk faster than Brian [walks}.

　　I walk as fast now as [I walked] when I was younger.

　　(3)有些句子为了不造成歧义，需要添加动词和情态动词，以保持逻辑含义鲜明。

　　EG: Visual eats more carrots than donuts. (donuts必须为宾语才能省略)

　　Ambiguous: I like cheese more than Yvette. {Yvette could be subject or object.}

　　Right: I like cheese more than Yvette DOES. (=than Yvette likes cheese)

　　Right: I like cheese more than I DO Yvette. (= than I like Yvette)

　　总结：主语比较，新的主语+动词(或省略动词);介宾比较、宾语比较，直接放介宾和宾语即可。

　　(四)比较级与最高级OG 43

　　1.以ly结尾的副词的比较级是more +该副词，不要改成er形式

　　EG: Adam runs more quickly than Jones.(没有宾语，所以Jones后面省略does)

　　2.比较级中一定要有一个than

　　一个重要例子：

　　A cat cannot catch a wildebeest as fast as a cheetah. 错(有歧义)

　　A cat cannot catch a wildebeest that run as fast as a cheetah. (宾语的奔跑速度比较)

　　A cat cannot catch a wildebeest as fast as it catch a cheetah. (同一主语抓捕速度比较)

　　A cat cannot catch a wildebeest as fast as a cheetah can. (不同主语抓w速度比较，补出情态动词can)

　　(五)数字比较【高阶】

　　1.对： 3 times as old as 错：3 times older than (怎么能拿是3 倍更老呢)

　　对： 3 years older than 错：3 years as old as

　　2.有时候用times, 不要as 或than, 表示直接修饰

　　The cost of a ticket is $12, six times the cost ten years ago.

　　The concert was attended by 300 people, twice the previous attendance.

　　3.more, less 很灵活，可作名词，形容词或副词

　　I own more than I should. 名词 I own more shirts than I should. 形容词

　　I sleep more than I should. 副词

　　但是higher, greater, lower 等只能用作形容词

　　×I spend lower than I did last year. √My bills are lower than they were last year.

　　4.比较双方一定要对等,且一定要清晰

　　(1) We have even more ficient engines than bore. 此句意思模糊,应改为：

　　We have even more engines that are ficient than bore.

　　或者We have engines even more ficient than bore.

　　(2) 一些表示比较词，exceed, surpass，前后比较对象也要对等。

　　The incidence of the disease among men exceeds the incidence among women.

　　(3) In addition to， 通常放在句首，表示另外的一个例子。

　　IN ADDITION TO taxes, death is inevitable. (同类)

　　IN ADDITION TO Munster cheese, I like Swiss. (不同类事物)

　　以上就是关于GMAT机经的全部内容，考生朋友可以有选择的看看，最后需要提醒各位的是，GMAT机经虽然会对我们解题有所帮助，但是在考场中即使题目很像也要避免秒选，最后祝大家都能考出好成绩。