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2017年3月份GMAT阅读机经(四).

刚刚更新 编辑: 浏览次数:263 移动端

  8 具创造力广告的影响力

  V1 by szdxs930(770)

  研究品牌对消费者行为的影响,做了一个实验,将实验对象分为两组,一组看一个跟creativity有关联的品牌,另一组看跟c没有关系的品牌,两组看完后让实验对象对某一种物品想象能有多少种用处,结果发现看过跟C有关品牌那组的人创造力超过了没看过的,因此说明品牌对消费者有影响(我很无语,这是什么实验),确定意思没理解错,好在题并不是很难。

  V2 by gege22

  第一篇讲广告对于人的影响Beyond购买力之外,有2个人研究发现有创造力的广告品牌能让人具有创造力。接下来讲了一个实验证明了这个观点。--比较简单的1篇

  V3 by liujingruc(740 M51 V30+)

  段1广告对人的影响不止购买产品。为证明作了试验:两组人,第一组看有创造力的广告;第二组看一斑斑的

  段2第一组人创造力比第二组人好了

  段3有人质疑试验可靠性,作者说不管怎样,试验说明广告对人影响比预想的大

  问题1主旨

  问题2试验说明什么

  问题3那个选项会加强试验结论(选第一组人本身创造力不佳)

  9 CIO[附GWD原文原题]

  V1 by suzhenbo

  19世纪的工会运动。先说了局限:即使CIO启用大量的黑人骨干,但是依然有种族歧视。接着说黑人工会运动分子意识到当时的环境里,employer的力量很强,必须黑白联合才可以争取到最大利益。最后说经过不懈的努力,终于赢得了白人工会的认可,也为黑白工人争取到利益

  附GWD原文原题[已确认]

  In the 1930’s and 1940’s, African American industrial workers in the southern United States, who constituted 80 percent of the unskilled factory labor force there, strongly supported unionization. While the American Federation of Labor (AFL) either excluded African Americans or maintained racially segregated unions, the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) organized integrated unions nationwide on the basis of a stated policy of equal rights for all, and African American unionists provided the CIO’s backbone. Yet it can be argued that through contracts negotiated and enforced by White union members, unions—CIO unions not excluded—were often instrumental in maintaining the occupational segregation and other forms of racial discrimination that kept African Americans socially and economically oppressed during this period. However, recognizing employers’ power over workers as a central factor in African Americans’ economic marginal unionization, African American workers saw the need to join with White workers in seeking change despite White unionists’ toleration of or support for racial discrimination. The persistent forts of African American unionists eventually paid off: many became highly fective organizers, gaining the respect of even racist White unionists by winning victories for White as well as African American workers. African American unionists thus succeeded in strengthening the unions while using them as instruments of African Americans’ economic empowerment.

  中文译文感谢Lmm

  在1930’s和1940’s,美国南部占非技术劳动力8成的非裔美国人强烈支持联盟。虽然AFL不是排挤黑人就是维持种族隔离联盟,CIO根据一项声明所有人平等的政策,在全国组织整合的联盟,而黑人是其中坚。虽然仍然可以说通过由白人联盟协商执行的合约,联盟-包括CIO常常被用于维持职业隔离及其他种族歧视的形式,使黑人在此期间受到社会地位和经济上的压迫,但是,认识到黑人经济穷困的重要因素是雇主对工人的操纵,黑人工人觉得加入白人工人是必要的,尽管白人联盟容忍或支持种族歧视。黑人联盟坚持的努力最终没白费:很多人称为了高效组织者,通过为白人黑人争取胜利,他们甚至获得种族主义白人联盟的尊敬。黑人联盟因此团结了队伍,又以此作为黑人获取经济权力的工具。

  GWD-9-Q21 G-9-Q21:

  The passage is primarily concerned with

  A. demonstrating that unions failed to address the concerns of African American workers during a particular period

  B. arguing that African American workers’ participation in unions during a particular period was ultimately benicial to them

  C. contrasting the treatment of African American workers by two different labor organizations during a particular period

  D. giving reasons for the success of African American unionists in winning victories for both African American and White workers during a particular period

  E. questioning one explanation for the attitudes of African American workers toward unionization during a particular period

  GWD-9-Q22 G-9-Q22:

  According to the passage, which of the following was true of many racist White unionists during the period discussed in the passage?

  A. Their attitudes toward African American union organizers changed once they recognized that the activities of these organizers were serving workers’ interests.

  B. They were a powerful element in the southern labor movement because they constituted the majority of the unskilled factory labor force in the southern United States.

  C. They persisted in opposing the CIO’s adoption of a stated policy of equal rights for all.

  D. Their primary goal was to strengthen the negotiating power of the unions through increasing White union membership.

  E. Their advocacy of racial discrimination hampered unions in their forts to gain more power for workers.

  GWD-9-Q23 G-9-Q23:

  The author of the passage suggests which of the following about African American workers who participated in union activities in the 1930’s and 1940’s?

  A. They believed that the elimination of discrimination within unions was a necessary first step toward the achievement of economic advancement for African Americans.

  B. They belonged exclusively to CIO unions because they were excluded from AFL unions.

  C. They believed that the economic advancement of African American workers depended on organized forts to empower all workers.

  D. Some of them advocated the organization of separate African American unions because of discriminatory practices in the AFL and the CIO.

  E. Many of them did not believe that White unionists in CIO unions would tolerate or support racial discrimination against African American workers.

  10 恐龙灭绝[附考古]

  V1 by dandanhoo

  有一篇闷长的,超级多词不认得,4段,说的是恐龙灭绝,气候温度变化啊什么,一道题是前两段都说明了什么,第三段有2个还是3个题目。。。。前面白看了。。。

  V2 by niubirs

  恐龙的。不是上月那篇貌似,应该是同类型更早的了,我见过。。。巨长,但很简单。科学家揣测恐龙灭绝的原因,提出来两点,一是彗星撞地球所以引发了气候的变化,二是啥忘了。最后作者给予全部否认。

  有一道题问以下哪个是作者赞同的观点?我选的是作者认为需要更多的资料和继续研究。可以定位在最后一段的最后一句,作者说以上两个观点均不靠谱。需要更多的。。。去研究。

  注:GMAC的题库里面有多篇提及恐龙灭绝的文章,且有几篇内容十分相近。由于现在仅2人遇到,还无法判断V1和V2的作者遇到是否为同一篇,所以也不能确定提供的考古资料一定正确,故使用请谨慎。

  考古[尚未确认]

  V1

  第一段:讲以前考古学家对恐龙的灭绝有兴趣,但最近(好像是221 million years ago,有考点,但我忘了考什么了)兴趣逐渐转移到了恐龙出现的时候(有细节题)

  第二段:恐龙出现的时候,一些爬行动物灭绝了,有科学家认为是恐龙的到来使它们灭绝的;但也有科学家认为恐龙到来了很久以后它们才灭绝,所以不是恐龙的到来造成它们的灭绝。于是,一种理论认为是气候变化导致的爬行动物灭绝,讲了很多,最后被作者找了个原因毙了。[气候理论被作者否定了]

  第三段:讲另一些科学家认为是陨石撞击地球使它们灭绝的;举了个例子,在加拿大魁北克发现的陨石坑形成的年代和爬行动物灭绝的时间吻合(细节题:问举这个例子 in order to?我选的D,就是承认撞击的年代和爬行动物灭绝的年代吻合,E选项很迷惑,是说为了说明是陨石撞击造成爬行动物灭绝,我犹豫了一会儿,认为还是选D, 毕竟作者观点是不同意陨石撞击说的);接下来继续说这种理论,但也被作者找了个理由给毙了。[陨石撞击理论作者也否定了]

  第四段:讲作者态度,他认为不应该简单的接受某一种观点,而应该综合考虑这个complex的问题,考了作者态度题

  V2

  第一段,LATE XX 纪,一种M恐龙的化石使得人们长期认为这种恐龙的出现和一些生物的灭绝是同期的。近期的研究让科学家的兴趣从研究恐龙的灭绝转向研究这种恐龙出现的年代的 surrounding events。

  第二段,之后文章举了很多流派的解释,首先排除了恐龙的原因,因为恐龙出现之后很久某些动物才灭绝(觉得逻辑不是很通)。新研究发现,这种M恐龙的出现predate生物的灭绝。有人说那些生物灭绝是因为天气,比如天气曾经很干燥。 但是这些生物的灭绝在天气很干燥之前还是之后,并且有些生物生活在更干燥的环境下,并且好后来才灭绝。

  第三段,有人说是慧星撞击魁北克省,还留了个坑呢!但是,当时只有几种动物灭绝,大规模的脊椎动物灭绝不是这个时候。

  第四段,原因是多方面的,要综合考虑。

  V3

  p1:遥想白垩纪当年,以恐龙为代表的很多动物,还有爬行类啦一下子灭亡了,科学家一直对这些动物灭绝的那段时候很有兴趣(阴暗心理)。好在最近有一个发现,把大家的兴趣吸引了到恐龙刚刚出现(initial appearance)的那个年代(考点)

  p2:恐龙出现的时候,一些动物灭绝了(好像有人据此认为恐龙的横行导致他们的惨死),但是也有动物在此之后(之前或者,反正是反驳的证据了)灭亡(细节题,问下列正确的是:我选有白垩纪的生物在恐龙出现之前消失)。关于恐龙灭绝的原因,有的人认为是气候干燥,而且的确在岩石中发现了干燥的证据。但是岩石和化石的更多证明,却体现了很多当时的物种在干有气候发生之后很久才灭绝(另一个细节题),从而undermine了这个解释,

  p3:另外一种说法是恐龙,以及那些杂七杂八的物种因大的陨石撞击而灭绝。而且在加拿大却被克发现的一个大坑就被认为是这个大撞击的地点。该坑的形成年代与恐龙灭绝的时间基本吻合(细节题)。然而,还有一些当地的哺乳动物灭绝时间与此不吻合(类似的,反正是把第二种观点也反驳了以西下)

  p4:结论,看起来阿,没有一种解释是能独立地为恐龙灭门事件负责,科学家们现在更相信这样的观点,就是各种因素以某种顺序和各自的重要程度组合在一起,杀死了好多生物(另一个细节题,问大家对恐龙灭门原因的了解到什么程度,知道事件顺序等明显不对,作者选只知道他们一起作用的那个)。

  V4

  科学家在一个lake地带研究某一时期动物大量灭绝的原因,最初认为是因为恐龙的出现导致了很多生物被捕杀而灭绝。后来这一理论被推翻,因为有人认为是气候变化,尤其是一个时期的严重干旱导致的动物灭绝,但后来研究发现,虽然这个干旱确实导致了一些动物的灭绝,但没能导致大量动物灭绝。后来又认为是一个时期某刻陨石撞击所致,因为有人在加拿大附近发现了一个大坑,而且根据化石研究,时间也吻合,但这个理论还是只推出这一撞击只导致少量灭绝,不能导致大量灭绝。

  最后一段说,科学家只能认为什么原因都有,包括干旱阿,恐龙出现阿,陨石撞击阿,可能还因为很多其他原因,所以不能确定哪个是其主导地位的。

  V5

  the extinction of reptile and amphibian and Trias (geology majors maybe glad to see this article)

  1.the academics has long been discussing how animals such as reptile and amphibian became extinct.

  2.some says the appearance of dinosaur caused it.

  3.there is counterevidence. some says environmental changes. there is also counterevidence.

  4.the author also found meteor in Canada has been related to the extinction.

  5. so the author thinks the extinction is not caused by any single factor, but rather by multiple factors.

  Q1: the function of citing the meteor in Canada

  Q2:强调陨石撞击时间的作用是什么,我选的是为了证明跟其中一些动物的灭绝时间吻合来说明一些动物确实是被陨石撞击所造而灭绝的。

  Q3: 科学家已经能做到下面哪一项了...答案选estimate陨石的时间.其他的还包括1.确定争抢栖息地一定不是灭绝的原因2.那一段时间内各个事件发生的先后顺序...

  Q4.有考到INFER题问哪个是对的,A好像是在恐龙出现前有物种开始灭绝,B在干旱之后很久有物种灭绝 C MOST物种在恐龙时期灭绝 D MOST物种在陨石撞击的时候灭绝

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