GMAT阅读相关文章及问题（十二）.

　　要想在GMAT考试中取得高分，GMAT的各个部分都要精通，要想在GMAT阅读部分获得高分，考生就需要多练习，不仅要提高阅读的速度也要提高理解能力。为了使大家有更多的文章进行练习，澳际留学小编在此为大家提供一系列的文章以及问题，希望能够同学们备考GMAT阅读考试带来帮助。红色字体的选项为正确答案。更多相关问题可咨询澳际留学在线专家，如果有任何意见和建议，也请联系我们。

(This passage is excerpted from material published in 1980.)

　　Federal forts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960’s when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistance available to minority business enterprises. While this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses, the results were disappointing, since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations, and capital shortages led to high failure rates. Even years after the program was implemented, minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economy’s total receipts.

　　Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting larger, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies. In this approach, large corporations participate in the development of successful and stable minority businesses by making use of government-sponsored venture capital. The capital is used by a participating company to establish a Minority Enterprise Small Business Investment Company or MESBIC. The MESBIC then provides capital and guidance to minority businesses that have potential to become future suppliers or customers of the sponsoring company.

　　MESBIC’s are the result of the beli that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available. Further, since potential markets for the minority businesses already exist through the sponsoring companies, the minority businesses face considerably less risk in terms of location and market fluctuation. Following early financial and operating problems, sponsoring corporations began to capitalize MESBIC’s far above the legal minimum of $500,000 in order to generate sufficient income and to sustain the quality of management needed. MESBIC’s are now emerging as increasingly important financing sources for minority enterprises.

　　Ironically, MESBIC staffs, which usually consist of Hispanic and Black professionals, tend to approach investments in minority firms more pragmatically than do many MESBIC directors, who are usually senior managers from sponsoring corporations. The latter often still think mainly in terms of the “social responsibility approach” and thus seem to prer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant. Such differences in viewpoint have produced uneasiness among many minority staff members, who feel that minority entrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by established business considerations. These staff members believe their point of view is closer to the original philosophy of MESBIC’s and they are concerned that, unless a more prudent course is followed, MESBICdirectors may revert to policies likely to re-create the disappointing results of the original SBA approach.

出国留学办理签证是必不可少的，而办理签证的过程亦难易简，从政策解析到递交材料，从申请签证到领取签证!《玩转留学签证》帮你顺利拿下各国签证！更有名校师哥师姐为你讲解牛校申请经验，《谁说申请高手没有秘密》赶紧来探秘一下吧！

问题：

　　1. Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?

　　(A) The use of MESBIC’s for aiding minority entrepreneurs seems to have greater potential for success than does the original SBA approach.

　　(B) There is a crucial difference in point of view between the staff and directors of some MESBIC’s.

　　(C) After initial problems with management and marketing, minority businesses have begun to expand at a steady rate.

　　(D) Minority entrepreneurs wishing to form new businesses now have several equally successful federal programs on which to rely.

　　(E) For the first time since 1960, large corporations are making significant contributions to the development of minority businesses.

　　2. According to the passage, the MESBIC approach differs from the SBA approach in that MESBIC’s

　　(A) seek federal contracts to provide markets for minority businesses

　　(B) encourage minority businesses to provide markets for other minority businesses

　　(C) attempt to maintain a specified rate of growth in the minority business sector

　　(D) rely on the participation of large corporations to finance minority businesses

　　(E) select minority businesses on the basis of their location

　　3. Which of the following does the author cite to support the conclusion that the results of the SBA program were disappointing?

　　(A) The small number of new minority enterprises formed as a result of the program

　　(B) The small number of minority enterprises that took advantage of the management and technical assistance offered under the program

　　(C) The small percentage of the nation’s business receipts earned by minority enterprises following the programs, implementation

　　(D) The small percentage of recipient minority enterprises that were able to repay federally guaranteed loans made under the program

　　(E) The small number of minority enterprises that chose to participate in the program

　　4. Which of the following statements about the SBA program can be inferred from the passage?

　　(A) The maximum term for loans made to recipient businesses was 15 years.

　　(B) Business loans were considered to be more usul to recipient businesses than was management and technical assistance.

　　(C) The anticipated failure rate for recipient businesses was significantly lower than the rate that actually resulted.

　　(D) Recipient businesses were encouraged to relocate to areas more favorable for business development.

　　(E) The capitalization needs of recipient businesses were assessed and then provided for adequately.

　　5. Based on information in the passage, which of the following would be indicative of the pragmatism of MESBIC staff members?

　　I. A reluctance to invest in minority businesses that show marginal expectations of return on the investments

　　II. A desire to invest in minority businesses that produce goods and services likely to be of use to the sponsoring company

　　III. A beli that the minority business sector is best served by investing primarily in newly established businesses

　　(A) I only

　　(B) III only

　　(C) I and II only

　　(D) II and III only

　　(E) I, II and III

6. The author rers to the “financial and operating problems” (line 34) encountered by MESBIC’s primarily in order to

　　(A) broaden the scope of the discussion to include the legal considerations of funding MESBIC’S through sponsoring companies

　　(B) call attention to the fact that MESBIC’s must receive adequate funding in order to function fectively

　　(C) show that sponsoring companies were willing to invest only $500,000 of government-sponsored venture capital in the original MESBIC’s

　　(D) compare SBA and MESBIC limits on minimum funding

　　(E) rute suggestions that MESBIC’s have been only marginally successful

　　7. The author’s primary objective in the passage is to

　　(A) disprove the view that federal forts to aid minority businesses have been infective

　　(B) explain how federal forts to aid minority businesses have changed since the 1960’s

　　(C) establish a direct link between the federal forts to aid minority businesses made bore the 1960’s and those made in the 1980’s

　　(D) analyze the basis for the beli that job-specific experience is more usul to minority businesses than is general management experience

　　(E) argue that the “social responsibility approach” to aiding minority businesses is superior to any other approach

　　8. It can be inferred from the passage that the attitude of some MESBIC staff members toward the investments prerred by some MESBIC directors can best be described as

　　(A) densive

　　(B) resigned

　　(C) indifferent

　　(D) shocked

　　(E) disapproving

　　9.The passage provides information that would answer which of the following questions?

　　(A) What was the average annual amount, in dollars, of minority business receipts bore the SBA strategy was implemented?

　　(B) What locations are considered to be unfavorable for minority businesses?

　　(C) What is the current success rate for minority businesses that are capitalized by MESBIC’s?

　　(D) How has the use of federal funding for minority businesses changed since the 1960’s?

　　(E) How do minority businesses apply to participate in a MESBIC program?

　相关链接：

1.GMAT阅读相关文章及问题（十一）

2.一战GMAT740分考生阅读经验分享

3.GMAT考试 7月10日更新GMAT阅读机经（二）

　　要想在GMAT考试中取得高分，GMAT的各个部分都要精通，要想在GMAT阅读部分获得高分，考生就需要多练习，不仅要提高阅读的速度也要提高理解能力。为了使大家有更多的文章进行练习，澳际留学小编在此为大家提供一系列的文章以及问题，希望能够同学们备考GMAT阅读考试带来帮助。红色字体的选项为正确答案。更多相关问题可咨询澳际留学在线专家，如果有任何意见和建议，也请联系我们。

(This passage is excerpted from material published in 1980.)

　　Federal forts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960’s when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistance available to minority business enterprises. While this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses, the results were disappointing, since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations, and capital shortages led to high failure rates. Even years after the program was implemented, minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economy’s total receipts.

　　Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting larger, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies. In this approach, large corporations participate in the development of successful and stable minority businesses by making use of government-sponsored venture capital. The capital is used by a participating company to establish a Minority Enterprise Small Business Investment Company or MESBIC. The MESBIC then provides capital and guidance to minority businesses that have potential to become future suppliers or customers of the sponsoring company.

　　MESBIC’s are the result of the beli that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available. Further, since potential markets for the minority businesses already exist through the sponsoring companies, the minority businesses face considerably less risk in terms of location and market fluctuation. Following early financial and operating problems, sponsoring corporations began to capitalize MESBIC’s far above the legal minimum of $500,000 in order to generate sufficient income and to sustain the quality of management needed. MESBIC’s are now emerging as increasingly important financing sources for minority enterprises.

　　Ironically, MESBIC staffs, which usually consist of Hispanic and Black professionals, tend to approach investments in minority firms more pragmatically than do many MESBIC directors, who are usually senior managers from sponsoring corporations. The latter often still think mainly in terms of the “social responsibility approach” and thus seem to prer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant. Such differences in viewpoint have produced uneasiness among many minority staff members, who feel that minority entrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by established business considerations. These staff members believe their point of view is closer to the original philosophy of MESBIC’s and they are concerned that, unless a more prudent course is followed, MESBICdirectors may revert to policies likely to re-create the disappointing results of the original SBA approach.

出国留学办理签证是必不可少的，而办理签证的过程亦难易简，从政策解析到递交材料，从申请签证到领取签证!《玩转留学签证》帮你顺利拿下各国签证！更有名校师哥师姐为你讲解牛校申请经验，《谁说申请高手没有秘密》赶紧来探秘一下吧！

问题：

　　1. Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?

　　(A) The use of MESBIC’s for aiding minority entrepreneurs seems to have greater potential for success than does the original SBA approach.

　　(B) There is a crucial difference in point of view between the staff and directors of some MESBIC’s.

　　(C) After initial problems with management and marketing, minority businesses have begun to expand at a steady rate.

　　(D) Minority entrepreneurs wishing to form new businesses now have several equally successful federal programs on which to rely.

　　(E) For the first time since 1960, large corporations are making significant contributions to the development of minority businesses.

　　2. According to the passage, the MESBIC approach differs from the SBA approach in that MESBIC’s

　　(A) seek federal contracts to provide markets for minority businesses

　　(B) encourage minority businesses to provide markets for other minority businesses

　　(C) attempt to maintain a specified rate of growth in the minority business sector

　　(D) rely on the participation of large corporations to finance minority businesses

　　(E) select minority businesses on the basis of their location

　　3. Which of the following does the author cite to support the conclusion that the results of the SBA program were disappointing?

　　(A) The small number of new minority enterprises formed as a result of the program

　　(B) The small number of minority enterprises that took advantage of the management and technical assistance offered under the program

　　(C) The small percentage of the nation’s business receipts earned by minority enterprises following the programs, implementation

　　(D) The small percentage of recipient minority enterprises that were able to repay federally guaranteed loans made under the program

　　(E) The small number of minority enterprises that chose to participate in the program

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