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ap 微观经济学真题解析.

2017/08/13 00:54:09 编辑: 浏览次数:94 移动端

�  ap课程是美国大学预修课程,参加ap考试的同学可以抵扣相应的大学学分,而且ap考试成绩可以作为申请美国大学的重要因素,ap课程有很多,在选择ap 微观经济学科目的同学想要了解一下ap 微观经济学要如何复习,下面我们一起来看一下ap 微观经济学真题。Ap考试真题是最好的复习资料。

  1. Steverail, the only provider of train service operating between two cities, is currently incurring economic losses.

  (a) Using a correctly labeled graph, show each of the following.

  (i) Steverail’s loss-minimizing price and quantity, labeled Pm and Qm, respectively

  (ii) The area of economic losses, shaded completely

  (iii) The allocatively ficient quantity, labeled Qe

  (b) If Steverail raised the price above Pm identified in part (a)(i), would total revenue increase, decrease, or not change? Explain.

  (c) Assume a per-unit subsidy is provided to Steverail.

  (i) Will Steverail’s quantity increase, decrease, or not change? Explain.

  (ii) Will consumer surplus increase, decrease, or not change?

  (d) Assume instead that a lump-sum subsidy is provided to Steverail. For the short run, answer the following.

  (i) Will the deadweight loss increase, decrease, or not change? Explain.

  (ii) Will Steverail’s economic losses increase, decrease, or not change?

  (a. i) ap 微观经济学真题考查的是only provider(垄断企业)的生产收益情况。作出需求曲线D和MR曲线,由于垄断企业增加产量会有两种效应:需求量增大但是价格降低,所以边际收入是小于价格水平的,因此D曲线在MR的上方。

  关于成本曲线,MC曲线形态为先减后增(边际成本特点,边际报酬递减理论),ATC曲线同样先减后增,并且其最低点为与MC曲线的交点,这是因为当边际成本大于平均成本时,会使平均成本变大;而当边际成本小于平均成本时,会使平均成本变小。

  由于企业economic losses,所以ATC曲线在D曲线上方,处于亏损状态。当MR=MC时,相对最优,因为边际成本小于边际收入时,增大产量会使企业获利;而边际成本大于边际收益时,企业不会增大产量。交点X轴坐标为Qm,Y轴坐标为Pm。  

ap

  (a. ii) 阴影区域如图所示,Qm为最优产量,对应的平均成本为ATC曲线上的点,价格为D曲线上的点。

  (a. iii) 取MC=D的交点,MC

  (b) 因为需求价格弹性不为零,提高价格会使产量降低,二者均会对收入产生影响;而MR>0,所以价格降低,需求增加会使收入增大,因此题目中的收入是减小的。

  (c. i) per-unit subsidy会时MC降低,曲线右移,MC与MR曲线交点对应产量增大。

  (c. ii) 消费者剩余可以表示为价格线与D曲线以及Y轴围成三角形的面积,所以增加。

  (d. i) lump-sum subsidy并未对图中因素产生影响,所以最优产量不变。

  (d. ii) 虽然对厂商决策没有直接影响,但是补贴的直接效应就是使economic losses减少。

  2. Theresa consumes both bagels and toy cars. 

ap

  (a) The table above shows Theresa’s marginal utility from bagels and toy cars.

  (i) What is her total utility from purchasing three toy cars?

  (ii) Theresa’s weekly income is $11, the price of a bagel is $2, and the price of a toy car is $1. What quantity of bagels and toy cars will maximize Theresa’s utility if she spends her entire weekly income on bagels and toy cars? Explain your answer using marginal analysis.

  (b) Assume that the price of wheat, an input for the production of bagels, increases. Will Theresa’s demand for bagels increase, decrease, or not change? Explain.

  (c) Suppose that Theresa’s income elasticity for bagels is –0.2. Does the value of Theresa’s income elasticity indicate that bagels are normal goods, inferior goods, substitutes, or complements?

  (d) Suppose that when the price of toy cars increases by 10 percent, Theresa buys 5 percent fewer toy cars and 4 percent less of a different toy, blocks. Calculate the cross-price elasticity for toy cars and blocks and indicate if it is positive or negative.

  (a. i) marginal utitlity为增加一单位产品,效用增加量,所以应该用10+8+6=24计算。

  (a. ii) 根据效用理论,若是消费者购买两种产品,不同产品每单位的边际效用相等时的效用最大,因为若单位边际效用不相等,消费者可以通过减少边际效用低产品的购买量并增加边际效用高产品的购买量来提高自己的总效用。

  题中分别购买3和5时单位边际效用均为3,相同。

  (b) 原材料价格上涨会使厂商成本增大,影响供给,与需求无关。

  (c) normal goods以及inferior goods与income elasticity有关,若收入增加,需求增加,则为正常品,而收入增加,需求下降则为劣等品。substitutes以及complements是与产品间的交叉价格弹性有关。因此为劣等品。

  (d) 此ap考试题考查交叉价格弹性,即一个产品价格的变化会使另一产品的需求如何变化,此题用-0.04/0.10=-0.4,表示toy cars的价格增加0.10,blocks的需求减少0.04,因此交叉价格弹性为-0.4。

  3. Sugar is freely traded in the world market. Assume that a country, Loriland, is a price taker in the world market for sugar. Some of the sugar consumed in Loriland is produced domestically while the rest is imported. The world price of sugar is $2 per pound. The graph below shows Loriland’s sugar market, and PW represents the world price. 

ap

  (a) At the world price of $2 per pound, how much sugar is Loriland importing?

  (b) Suppose that Loriland imposes a per-unit tariff on sugar imports and the new domestic price including the tariff is $4.

  (i) Identify the new level of domestic production.

  (ii) Calculate the domestic consumer surplus for Loriland. You must show your work.

  (iii) Calculate the total tariff revenue collected by the government. You must show your work.

  (c) Given the world price of $2, what per-unit tariff maximizes the sum of Loriland’s domestic consumer surplus and producer surplus?

  (a) Loriland是price taker,所以在Pw下,需求为14,共计为2,因此需要进口12 million。

  (b. i) 由图可以得出,价格水平为4时,供给为6,所以产量应为6 million pounds。

  (b. ii) 消费者剩余指的是消费者要求的价格高于实际价格的部分,所以计算时以图为例,为价格线,需求线以及Y轴围成的三角形面积,计算� [($9 - $4) � 10] = $25。

  (b. iii) per-unit tariff后价格为$4,所以政府每单位收取$2,总需求为10million,国内供给为6million,所以进口量为4million,($4 - $2) (10 - 6) = $8,得出赋税$8 million。

  (c) 政府关税并不能提高总效用,由这样的结论可以作答。另外,在图形作一条变化的价格水平曲线,随着曲线向上移动,可以看出消费者剩余减少的面积大于生产者剩余增加的面积,因此并不能提高二者之和。因此关税为0时,二者之和最大。

  以上就是ap 微观经济学真题的解析,相信大家对于ap考试与ap课程有一定的了解了,如果大家还有关于ap考试的疑问,可以与在线咨询专家进行交流和沟通。

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