9月GMAT阅读机经:交通规则.

　　9月GMAT机经换库了，现在就由小编来为大家整理九月份的GMAT阅读机经整理，下面是关于GMAT阅读机经的相关问题，分享给大家，希望对大家有所帮助，文中观点仅供参考。

　　本月原始 V1 【By Frank_Feng】

　　有一篇是关于traffic intersection的，很长的一屏，是说一个人发明了一个traffic系统，尽管汽车增长了三分之一但是事故却只有原来的一半。但是后来又发现了怎么了需要改进。一共三段。

　　V2【By lenastarz】

　　Dutch交通设计师Monderman的那篇文章，和机经一模一样

　　这篇文章基本就是机经后面的疑似原文改写的，好多地方连句子和用词都一样，只不过ets去掉了一些繁琐的细节，让文章字数少了一点。建议同学们把机经里的英文全文通读一遍。

　　第一段：Monderman在交通设计时候有自己的一套理念，当年Drachten这个城市市中心的路非常Problematic，Monderman被派去以后不但没有增设一些stop sign, bump之类传统交通设计师会用的东西，反而把路设计的更简单了(具体描述我记得和机经上的英文描述一模一样)，一年以后这个drachten的交通问题果然得到了全面的解决。A year after the change, the results of this “extreme makeover” were striking: Not only had congestion decreased in the intersection—buses spent less time waiting to get through, for example—but there were half as many accidents, even though total car traffic was up by a third.(这里有题，问Monderman这个方法解决了下列哪个选项中的交通问题，选bus spend less time waiting)。

　　第二段：但是Monderman的理论是建立在他对这个城市各种traffic,行人,路况等情况做了详细的调查分析之后他才实行的。Monderman说改变人们行为最好的方式是change their “concept of time”。

　　第三段：Monderman被派去了Oudehaske这个小village去改善他们主街的交通状况。Monderman去了以后不但没把路建宽，反而弄的更窄了，路标也比以前还不显眼，make the village more “villagelike”.

　　第四段：具体说了Monderman改造路的原理，他很subtle的采用了把交通标志变得更模糊的方法create confusion and ambiguity(这两个词highlight了，问作用，我选的是补充解释了monderman的concept of time理论)，因而导致了行人车辆都更自觉遵守交通规则，然后作者给出态度，大概是给了monderman的理论正面评价(但这里我没问态度题)。

　　还有一道主旨题。

　　考古+分析【By 元叔】

　　※ 主题思路：

　　建筑师通过自己的设计改进城市交通的问题;

　　主要两个问题：

　　一是觉得残疾人不方便;

　　二是很多骑车的人觉得不安全

　　※ 段落大意：

　　第一段：总体介绍建筑师特点;

　　建筑师M，以建造了城市D的某类交通设施而闻名，之后介绍这种设施的各种优点，以及效果。

　　第二段：他的宗旨是什么;

　　与其说是M对道路各类参数的仔细调查，还不如说是M的成功在于改变了人们对time ***的改观，举例提出某town Q.

　　第三段：Q道路改造的原理

　　第三段说他是怎么规划这条路的，R说要让它更像village。然后关键是让驾驶员认为路ambiguous and what (ambiguous同义词，有一题这两个词高亮)，使他们不知道路的哪里是自己的(不知道所以会更小心?可能是这个意思吧) 与其改造为清晰宽阔的大路，还不如改造为混沌的，与行人间距缩小的窄路，改变人们对“快速”的要求。事实证明效果很好。

　　※ 题目：

　　1)D的优点没在文中提到?(定位P1)

　　2)M改造交通的理念的实质是什么?(定位P2)

　　3)高亮fuzzy and ambiguous,提问作用(定位P3)

　　4)这里有一个细节题，问的是有了那个环岛后，为什么事故还是增多了。

　　5)有一个问题是问文章第三段还是第四段中出现的ambuigity和另外一个词的作用是什么，选项有说对比他之前那个小镇的设计，还有说sum up新设计的特征什么的。

　　6)好像有两个城市对比吧(有出题，对比，不确定)

　　7)还有一道题是改变了之后，bus怎么了(我选的是神马神马quickly，因为文章中有说到bus怎么怎么了，在破折后之间)

　　8)有个问题问到M这个人的改革给D这个地方带来了什么影响，其中A选项说事故减少了，E选项说制造了confusion和ambiguity，

　　我认为绝对是选A的，因为E说的是给另外一个地方O带来的影响。

　　※ 疑似原文：

　　Freedom for traffic

　　An unassuming Dutch traffic engineer showed that streets without signs can be safer than roads cluttered with arrows, painted lines, and lights.

　　And Monderman certainly changed the landscape in the provincial city of Drachten, with the project that, in 2001, made his name. At the town center, in a crowded four-way intersection called the Laweiplein, Monderman removed not only the traffic lights but virtually every other traffic control. Instead of a space cluttered with poles, lights, “traffic islands,” and restrictive arrows,Monderman installed a radical kind of roundabout (a “squareabout,” in his words, because it really seemed more a town square than a traditional roundabout), marked only by a r aised circle of grass in the middle, several fountains, and some very discreet indicators of the direction of traffic, which were required by law.

　　这一段说的是M自己闭上眼睛，倒走到他设计的路中间，结果并没有像在普通道路上一样——所有的车刹车再启动，而是车辆依然有序行驶。As I watched the intricate social ballet that occurred as cars and bikes slowed to enter the circle (pedestrians were meant to cross at crosswalks placed a bit bore the intersection), Monderman performed a favorite trick. He walked, backward and with eyes closed, into the Laweiplein. The traffic made its way around him. No one honked, he wasn’t struck. Instead of a binary, mechanistic process—stop, go—the movement of traffic and pedestrians in the circle felt human and organic.

　　实验一年后的结果：拥挤减少、事故减少A year after the change, the results of this “extreme makeover” were striking:Not only had congestion decreased in the intersection—buses spent less time waiting to get through, for example—but there were half as many accidents, even though total car traffic was up by a third.(对应题目：1问公交车怎么样的2改革给D这个地方带来了什么影响)Students from a local engineering college who studied the intersection reported that both drivers and, unusually, cyclists were using signals—of the electronic or hand variety—more often. They also found, in surveys, that residents, despite the measurable increase in safety, perceived the place to be more dangerous. This was music to Monderman’s ears. If they had not felt less secure, he said, he “would have changed it immediately.”

　　Monderman believed that the best way to change people’s behavior was to change the context. (出题点：改变了人的观念)This simple insight was one of the foundations of his traffic revolution,which took root a decade bore he remade Drachten.：(他说在实施这个理论前必须做好多准备工作学习了N多东西(有题) In the mid-1980s,Monderman, then a regional safety inspector for Friesland, was dispatched to the small village of Oudehaske to check the speed of car traffic through the town’s center (two children had been fatally struck). Previously, Monderman, like any good Dutch traffic engineer, would have deployed, if not an actual traffic light, the tools of what is known as “traffic calming”: speed bumps, warning signs, bollards, or any number of highly visible interventions.(交代了背景：作为交通安全官员，M被发配到一个小村里去检测城镇中心的车速。按常理，控制车速的手段不外乎装红绿灯、减速带等)

　　但是M觉得在这个town，既没有必要也太贵。But those solutions were falling out of favor with his superiors, because they were either infective or too expensive. At a loss, Monderman suggested to the villagers, who as it happens had hired a consultant to help improve the town’s aesthetics, that Oudehaske simply be made to seem more “villagelike.” The interventions were subtle. (正评价，嘿嘿)Signs were removed, curbs torn out, and the asphalt replaced with red paving brick, with two gray “gutters” on either side that were slightly curved but usable by cars. As Monderman noted, the road looked only five meters wide, “but had all the possibilities of six.”

　　The results were striking. Without bumps or flashing warning signs, drivers slowed,(出题：M在两地措施的共同之处) so much so that Monderman’s radar gun couldn’t even register their speeds. 通过这种改进(把town改造的更villagelike,车速都自然降低了，雷达都检测不到……好夸张啊-。-)Rather than clarity and segregation, he had created confusion and ambiguity.(出题，这两个的目的：M的总目的)注意这段：因为他的方法制造了一种错觉，司机8知道哪条是他该走的路，所以开车不会很莽撞Unsure of what space belonged to them, drivers became more accommodating.(两处措施的相同点) Rather than give drivers a simple behavioral mandate—say, a speed limit sign or a speed bump—he had, through the new road design, subtly suggested the proper course of action. And he did something else.He used context to change behavior.用观念改变行为(两地措施相同点) He had made the main road look like a narrow lane in a village, not simply a traffic-way through some anonymous town.

　　我总结了一下，这个理论主要说的就是去掉行驶线、交通信号灯等交通规则的“提示物”，激发人们的自觉地自我约束行为，这样的交通管理效果更好。

　　Shared spaceis anurban designconcept aimed at integrated use of public spaces.

　　Shared space removes the traditional segregation of motor vehicles, pedestrians and other road users. Conventional road priority management systems and devices such askerbs, lines, signs and signals are replaced with an integrated, people-oriented understanding of public space, such that walking, cycling, shopping and driving cars become integrated activities.

　　History

　　The term &aposshared space&apos was used by Tim Pharoah to describe informal street layouts with no traffic demarcation (see for example "Traffic Calming Guidelines" published by Devon County Council, 1991). The shared space concept has been associated strongly with the work ofHans Monderman, based on the observation that individuals&apos behaviour intraffic is more positively affected by the built environment of the public space than it is by conventional traffic control devices and regulations.

　　The goal of shared space is an improvement in road safety, encouraging negotiation of shared areas at appropriate speeds and with due consideration for the other users, using simple rules like giving way to the right. The term shared space should probably not be too closely dined, since there is wide scope for varying the design concept.

　　Safety, congestion, economic vitality and community severance can be fectively tackled in streets and other public spaces if they are designed and managed to allow traffic to be fully integrated with other human activity, not separated from it. A major characteristic of a street designed to this philosophy is the absence of traditional road markings, signs, traffic signals and the distinction between "road" and "pavement". User behaviour becomes influenced and controlled by natural human interactions rather than by artificial regulation.

　　Monderman is quoted as saying: "We&aposre losing our capacity for socially responsible behaviour, ...The greater the number of prescriptions, the more people&aposs sense of personal responsibility dwindles." Another source attributes the following to Monderman: "When you don&apost exactly know who has right of way, you tend to seek eye contact with other road users... You automatically reduce your speed, you have contact with other people and you take greater care."

　　以上就是对于9月GMAT阅读机经的相关介绍，希望对大家备考GMAT考试有所帮助，文中观点仅供参考。