GMAT语法知识点详解（十三）.

　　从今天开始澳际留学小编会为大家整理一些有关GMAT语法的试题，并附有这些试题的讲解以及GMAT语法知识点。红色标注的为每道题的正确选项，关于每道题解析中一开始的考点说明会有列举得比较详细，建议参看的战友第一次看本笔记时先跳过那些考点说明，直接看选项分析，有不懂的点再回头核对相关知识点。为不强加思维于众考生，笔记里面大多题目并没有点出做题的思维方式，只分析了错误的语法点。希望这些分析以及相关语法知识能帮到大家。更多相关问题可咨询澳际留学在线专家，如果有任何意见和建议，也请联系我们。

196. (T-9-Q26) (OG12-11)

　　There are several ways to build solid walls using just mud or clay, but the most extensively used method has been the forming of bricks out of mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they are laid in the wall in mud mortar.

　　A. the forming of bricks out of mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they are laid

　　B. forming the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay them

　　C. having bricks formed from mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they were laid

　　D. to form the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay them (D)

　　E. that bricks were formed from mud or clay, which, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, were laid

　　题目释义：… the most extensively used method has been to do sth. and to do sth.…

　　考点：

　　1. 平行考得非常严重的一个题

　　2. 搭配：

　　(1) Aim, goal, intention, objective, function, way, method, purpose + be + to do当然最常用的还是method of doing/for doing

　　(2) Use, cite, function, regard, think/conceive of, view, act + as

　　(3) Consider, deem, make, call, find, elect+宾语+宾补

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　　选项分析：

　　A. the method与the forming不对等;the forming of bricks out of mud or clay和they are laid in the wall in mud mortar不平行;they指代不明

　　B. forming the mud or clay into bricks与to lay them不平行

　　C. having bricks formed from mud or clay, they were laid不平行

　　D. Correct;本题主考平行;several ways可以与there be搭配;A method is to do X and to do Y常见搭配;and后面加上逗号的表达并不常见，从本题可见GMAT接受这样的用法(prep1-247也出现类似用法)

　　E. Which指代错误，它无法跨越谓语动词指向bricks;一般过去时错误

　　OG12-11的解释

　　The purpose of the sentence is to describe the historically most popular method of building walls. The first clause announces this topic and the second clause describes the particular method. The clearest, most ficient way to accomplish these two pieces of business is to use a parallel structure.The ways to build in the first clause is narrowed to the single way to form and to lay in the second clause. There is no need to alternate the verb phrases between active and passive voice or to shift tenses.

　　A. The active gerund phrase the forming of bricks does not fi t with the passive verb phrase that follows (they are laid).

　　B. The verb phrases forming the mud … and to lay them are not parallel.

　　C. In addition to faulty parallelism between having bricks formed and they were laid, the tense in the second half of the sentence unaccountably shifts from present to past.

　　D. Correct. The phrases to form and to lay in the second clause are parallel to to build in the first clause.

　　E. The relative clause beginning with which apparently (but nonsensically) describes the closest nouns, mud or clay, rather than bricks.

　　197. (GWD-8-Q20)

　　Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also caused erosion and very quickly dorested whole regions.

　　A. Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also

　　B. Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast), which gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but also

　　C. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States, creating farmland (especially in the Northeast) and giving consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but also

　　D. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States created farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also (D)

　　E. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States not only created farmland (especially in the Northeast), giving consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it

　　题目释义：The systematic clearing of forests did sth.…,but it also…

　　考点：

　　1. 平行，关于not only…but also，参见本题后补充说明所摘录的Zeldaw里程碑式的帖子:

　　2. 逻辑为王：

　　如果你一眼看出这个句子考not only，but also于是开始找答案，恭喜你，又上当了。

　　做题的时候要弄清楚句子的意思是递进还是转折,如果是递进not only...but also 没问题,如果是转折的话,就要考虑一下是否是GMAC的陷阱了, but/but also才是表示转折的意思.

　　选项分析：

　　A. not only 位于句首时，所引导的句子要用倒装，give和create是and连接的两个并列成分，而时态已经被did提前，只能用原形，所以这里gave错;But it also在此没有错，例见本题后补充的大全354。

　　B. Which定语从句修饰farmland，逻辑意义错误，是systematic clearing给了consumers houses and furniture，不是farmland。

　　C. But also之前分句缺谓语

　　D. Correct;But it also转折前后句，说明systematic clearing既带来了好东西，也带了坏东西，also的使用，精妙。

　　E. Giving修饰created,改变了原来的句意：并列的两个动作;Not only…but…也可以，例见大全189、241.

　　补充说明：

　　Zeldaw的帖子摘录如下：

　　关于not only...but also...----从GWD8-20总结出的

　　看了GWD8-20, 以前的NN讨论的的太好了,可是藏的太深,很多人都看不见, 后来又看了好些的帖子,,收益良多.所以我把大家观点总结一下,

　　首先Not only…..but (also)表示的关系是递进, 其中also可以省略

　　But/but also表示的是转折. 在but also中, ring_cheng认为also不属于重复, 所以应当保留.该观点尚未证实.

　　not only ...but also表示并列，不能表示转折，不要有先入为主的感觉认为not only...but also必须一起出现。单独出现but also是可能的，此时表示的是转折，参见大全74

　　All-terrain vehicles have allowed vacationers to reach many previously inaccessible areas, but they have also been blamed for causing hundreds of deaths, injury to thousands, and seriously damaging the nation’s recreational areas.

　　(A) deaths, injury to thousands, and seriously damaging

　　(B) deaths and injuring thousands, and serious damage to

　　(C) deaths, thousands who are injured, as well as seriously damaging

　　(D) deaths and thousands of injuries, as well as doing serious damage to (D)

　　(E) deaths, thousands are injured, and they do serious damage to

　　关于not only…but also.. 的用法,我根据前人的发言并结合GMAT的思路挑出了这几条:

　　1.在正常语序中: not only … but also 应连接两个相对称的并列成分。例如：

　　Not only Mr Lin but also his son joined the Party two years ago. (连接两个主语)

　　I not only play tennis but also practise shooting. (连接两个谓语动词)

　　He plays not only the piano but also the violin. (连接两个宾语)

　　在正常语序中: 短语本身不可以加入其它成份，比如变成：not only...but it also...是错误的(因为破坏了平衡)。

　　如大全中：

　　125.The winds that howl across the Great Plains not only blow away valuable topsoil, thereby reducing the potential crop yield of a tract of land, and also damage or destroy young plants.

　　(A) and also damage or destroy

　　(B) as well as damaging or destroying

　　(C) but they also cause damage or destroy

　　(D) but also damage or destroy(D)

　　(E) but also causing damage or destroying

　　Choice D, the best answer, correctly employs the correlative construction not only x but also y, where x and y are grammatically parallel and where both x and y (damage and destroy) apply to young plants. Choices A, (not only... and also), B (not only... as well as), and C (not only... but they also) violate the not only... but also paradigm. Moreover, B contains terms (blow... damaging) that are not parallel. In C and E, damage is used not as a verb with young plants as its direct object but as a noun receiving the action of cause; consequently, these choices fail to state explicitly that the damage is done to young plants. E also violates parallelism (not only blow... but also causing)

　　2. not only … but also 连接两个主语时，谓语动词要和与其最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。例如：

　　Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan. / Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan.

　　3. not only … but also 不能用在否定句中。例如：

　　误： They don&apost fear not only hardship but also death.

　　正： They fear neither hardship nor death.

　　正： They don&apost fear either hardship or death.

　　4. not only … but also 连接两个分句，并且 not only 位于句首时，第一个分句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。例如：

　　Not only does the sun give us light, but also it gives us heat.

　　Not only did he speak English correctly, but he also speaks it fluently.

　　《新编英语语法》薄冰P633：Not only does he compose music, but he also play./ Not only does he have to type out the answer on a computer, but he also gets the computer to translate it into sounds.

　　《新编英语语法》章振邦1005：She was not only compelled to stay at home, but she was also forbidden to see her friends

　　英语语法大全上的例句是: Not only did they break into his office and steal his books, but they also tore up his manuscripts. 所以我个人认为在倒装的情况下,but also是可以被主语拆开的.

　　这里附上ring_cheng的观点:倒装时可以在短语中插入某类成分，如：not only did sb do sth, but sb also did sth (之所以前后都加入主语，不是为了连接主语，而是为了句子的对仗工整而补足主语，连接的其实是主语的两个不同的谓语动作。又因为not only在句首已经倒装过了，所以but also用正常语序即可。依然满足句子平衡的要求).如大全354中but also被主语+助动词拆开:

　　354.In 1978 a national study found that not only had many contractors licensed by a self-policing private guild failed to pass qualifying exams, they in addition falsified their rerences.

　　A. they in addition falsified their rerences

　　B. they had their rerences falsified in addition

　　C. but they had also falsified their rerences

　　D. they had also falsified their rerences(C)

　　E. but their rerences were falsified as well

　　相关链接：

1.GMAT语法知识点详解（十二）

2.分阶段备战GMAT语法

3.Verbal满分考生谈GMAT语法